The science
Marine Ecosystems
Seabirds connect the ocean and the land. They move nutrients between them and reflect the health of the seas they feed in.
Indicators of ocean health
Seabirds feed near the top of marine food webs and are easy to count at their colonies. Changes in their breeding success, diet and numbers often signal wider changes in the ocean, such as shifting prey or warming water.
Carrying the sea to the land
Seabird droppings, known as guano, are rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. Colonies fertilize the islands they nest on. Nutrients from the colonies also wash into surrounding waters.
Islands and reefs
Studies in the Indian Ocean found that coral reefs next to rat-free islands, with thriving seabird colonies, supported more productive fish communities than reefs next to islands overrun by rats. Removing invasive predators from islands can benefit the sea as well as the birds.
Competition with people
Seabirds and fisheries often target the same fish. Where forage fish are overharvested, seabirds can struggle to raise chicks. Managing fisheries with seabirds in mind supports the whole ecosystem.
Get involved
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